Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm automotive electronics technology tau ua ib qho kev hloov pauv tas mus li, nce los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau complex, los ntawm ib qho - ua haujlwm mus rau kev sib koom ua ke, thiab los ntawm kev pab tsav tsheb mus rau cov tshuab ntse.
Cov theem pib thiab digitization ntawm cov haujlwm yooj yim (1930s-lig 1970s): Automotive electronics technology pib tshwm. Xyoo 1930, lub xov tooj cua hauv tsheb tau los ua thawj zaug hauv - tsheb lom zem ntaus ntawv, cim lub hnub yug ntawm tus qauv "hauv- tsheb electronics." Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsheb - lub tshuab nqus tsev xov tooj cua. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1960s, transistor voltage regulators thiab ignition systems pib nruab rau hauv tsheb. Integrated circuits thiab microprocessors hauv qab 16 cov khoom siv tau dav siv hauv tsheb, paub txog cov digitization ntawm cov haujlwm yooj yim xws li alternators thiab voltage regulators, ignition systems, and instrument panels, replace some mechanical or vacuum devices.
Kev loj hlob sai thiab kev tswj hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab tseem ceeb (1980s-lig 1990s): Microprocessors tau siv dav, thiab cov tub ntxhais fais fab thiab cov tshuab chassis yog thawj zaug ua tiav kev tswj hluav taws xob. Cov neeg sawv cev thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntawv thov suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob (ECUs), tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob tswj (ATUs), tiv thaiv -lock braking systems (ABS), airbags, thiab fais fab fais fab kauj. Xyoo 1986, Bosch tau tsim lub Controller Area Network (CAN) tsheb npav raws tu qauv, uas yog thawj zaug siv rau Mercedes-Benz S-Class hauv xyoo 1991, ua kom muaj siab-cov ntaub ntawv ceev sib faib ntawm ECUs thiab cim qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv rudimentary hauv - tsheb network.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev sib koom ua ke, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nplij siab nthuav dav (li 1990s-thaum ntxov 2010s), hauv - tsheb network technology tau dhau los ua qauv thiab nthuav dav, thiab kev muaj peev xwm rau kev sib koom tes tswj ntawm cov tshuab tau txhim kho. Lub tsheb npav CAN tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv - cov qauv tsheb sib txuas, thaum cov tsheb npav xws li LIN, FlexRay, thiab feem ntau tau siv rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov kev pabcuam tsav tsheb siab tshaj plaws tau pib tshwm sim thiab txhim kho sai, xws li cov kev pabcuam hluav taws xob ruaj ntseg, kev tswj xyuas kev caij nkoj, tsis siv neeg nres thaum muaj xwm ceev, thiab lub log tsheb siab xyuas lub tshuab. Infotainment systems hloov zuj zus los ntawm xov tooj cua / CD players mus rau multimedia systems nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus xim, integrated navigation, Bluetooth txuas, thiab rov qab lub koob yees duab.
Thaum ntxov xyoo 2010s-tam sim no theem ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev sib txuas, thiab kev sau npe -centralized architecture, intelligentization thiab kev sib txuas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsav tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tau pib hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev faib mus rau qhov chaw-centralized. Cov txheej txheem tsav tsheb siab tshaj plaws (ADAS) tau txais kev pom zoo thiab hloov kho tsis tu ncua, sensor fusion thev naus laus zis tau loj hlob, thiab Qib 2 ib feem ntawm kev tsav tsheb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Tsheb-rau-txhua yam (V2X) thev naus laus zis tau tsim kho, nrog rau hauv- tsheb sib txuas lus tau ua tiav 4G/5G mobile internet txuas, txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm tsheb, nruab nrab ntawm lub tsheb thiab infrastructure, thiab ntawm tsheb thiab huab. Lub kiv puag ncig ntawm lub cockpit ntse tau tshwm sim, nrog cov npo loj loj, tag nrho LCD ntsuas vaj huam sib luag, kev paub lub suab sib cuam tshuam, kev paub lub ntsej muag, thiab kev tswj kev taw qhia ua qauv. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem nyuaj uas tau coj los ntawm qhov nce ntawm ECUs, tsheb hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tau hloov mus rau qhov chaw tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho mus rau lub hauv paus hauv paus platform.
Siab -ceev nyob rau hauv - tsheb Ethernet pib hloov lub tsheb npav CAN raws li lub pob txha caj qaum. Software-txhais tsheb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev pabcuam- taw qhia kev tsim qauv thiab dhau ntawm-- huab cua (OTA) hloov kho thev naus laus zis ua kom yooj yim xa mus thiab thaj chaw deb ntawm software ua haujlwm. Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb kuj txhawb kev nce qib hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, xws li "peb-" hluav taws xob" systems (roj teeb, lub cev muaj zog, thiab hluav taws xob tswj). Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv - tsheb kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus daws teeb meem, lub hauv paus kev suav nrog, thiab cov tswj cheeb tsam tau dhau los ua cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv lub sijhawm "AI-cov tsheb tau hais tseg."
Automotive electronics thev naus laus zis yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho mus rau qib siab ntawm kev tsav tsheb, kev siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab thiab hluav taws xob, tsheb- kev sib koom ua ke huab thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj, kev sib sib zog nqus V2X, kev siv dav dav ntawm SOA software architecture, nkag mus tob ntawm kev txawj ntse, thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
